Creatures such as toothed worms called caecilians have smooth and shiny skin similar to a worm.
However, scientists found that these footless animals might have venomous saliva — the first example found in amphibians.
Nearly 200 caecilian species sway in tropical forests around the world, from the 3.5-inch long Idiocranium russell in Cameroon to the nearly five-foot long giant known as Caecilia thompsoni in Colombia.
Most animals live underground, which is why "caecilians are probably the most unknown group of vertebrates," said Carlos Jared, an evolutionary biologist at the Butantan Institute in São Paulo on the National Geographic page.
Some species are very adaptable to underground life, they really lose their eyes.
Scientists have known that cecilia has three rows of needle-nosed teeth which might help her catch and swallow earthworms.
When looking at caecilians captured in Brazil, Jared discovered a set of tooth glands that had never been described before that produced saliva and possibly venomous enzymes.
This means that poisons can evolve independently in both amphibians and reptiles, which will reconfigure what we know about how poisons evolve.
Even so, he cautioned, further analysis is needed to ascertain whether Caecilian saliva is really venomous.
This is an interesting mystery and raises the question, why don't frogs and salamanders have poisonous saliva?
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